Advantages and Disadvantages of Robotic Surgery

Advantages and Disadvantages of Robotic Surgery Tresha Reid-Matthew DeVry University Robotic Surgery is a surgical technology in the world of healthcare that doctors are opting to use for many surgical procedures on humans today. Robotic surgery is a procedure that involves a surgeon manipulating the hands of a robot. Many people don’t know enough about  robotic surgery. It is very important for everyone to familiarize themselves with this technology because in the near future this equipment has the potential to take over the operating rooms of many hospitals.The goal of this paper is to give some basic information about how Robotic surgical procedures has evolved and to bring to light some of the ways robotic surgical procedures might affect you one day. When I was faced with the choice of having robotic surgery two months ago I felt like I didn’t know enough about the technology. I had no knowledge of how this type of surgery would affect me. I would like people to be able to understand how this technology will affect their lives.For this assignment I decided to research the advantages and drawback of robotic surgery to inform everyone about this technology so that if faced with this choice you won’t be in the dark like I was. INTRODUCTION On television in shows such as Grey’s Anatomy the process of conventional surgical procedure are acted out on screen for the world to watch. In the near future many scenes in such shows will have to be altered to feature the surgeries being done by physicians with robotic surgical devices (if they haven’t already done so already). Robotic surgeries are becoming very common in our society.It is very important for everyone to know and understand what this practice entail so that if presented with the choice of human or machine one can make the right choice. I was living my life day to day like many people. I exercise when I can and I eat right. For a period of a little over a year I was ex periencing abdominal pains so my doctors put me through many series of exams. One of the test results came back abnormal showing that I had a tumor. Being a young woman that is recently married I was scared so I decided to have my tumor removed right away.When my husband and I sat down to discuss my options with my physician I was given a choice   between a conventional procedure that is performed solely by a human doctor or robot assisted surgical procedure that involves an actual surgeon manipulating the hands of a robotic machine. I was very frightened about the thought of having a machine working on my body because the idea was foreign to me. I heard about robots working on car and I heard of the surgical procedure but I never actually though about being the subject of one of these devices.I wasn’t confident enough about this type of surgery so I opted to go with the conventional type of procedure. Robotic surgery is performed everyday around the world and it has the po tential to dominate the world of surgery, however it has advantages and disadvantages. Discussion Many people might think that this is a topic of no interest to them because right now they don’t need a surgical procedure done or they have no plans of having a surgical procedure. To those people I would like to say neither did I!To make light of this subject the first thing I would like to do is provide a timeline that show a brief history on the development stage of robotic surgical machines. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1921 a Czechoslovakian play writer named Karel Capez introduced and coined the term robot in a play called Rossom’s Universal Robots†. The play writer based the term off of the Czech meaning of the word â€Å"forced labor† (Long, 2007). ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1923 The term robots entered the English language (Long, 2007). In the begging of the robots career they started relatively as â€Å"dumb machines† that did onl y slavish repetitive tasks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     1985 Robotic Surgeries began with a robotic machine called the Puma 560. The user of the robot was a surgeon named Kwoh et al who perform neurosurgical biopsies with the machine. He wanted to be as accurate as possible and felt the machine would be able to perform a greater precision. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The next person to use the Puma 560 was Davies et al three years later during a transurethral resection of the prostate Lippincott, W (2004). ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The next system that was later developed was PROBOT. This was a robot designed especially to assist with transurethral resection a man’s prostate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During the same time period that PROBOT was being developed, another machine called the ROBODOC was being developed. This robotic was designed to assist with precision of hip replacements. ROBODOC was the first surgical robot approved by the FDA. ?à ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Researchers from the National Air and Space Administration (NASA) Ames became interested in using the information that was present from the previous robots to develop a technology called   telepresence surgery. The technology of telepresence became the major driving force behind the development of surgical robotic robots as we know them today. Lippincott, W (2004) ? 990’s Scientists from the National Air Space Administration teamed up with the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) to developed a dexterous telemanipulator for hand surgery with a design goal of give the surgeon the sense of   literally operating on the patient in front of them somewhat, instead of from across the room. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The US Army recognized   the work being done by at the Stanford Research Institute and became interested of treating wounded soldiers remotely instead of putting   the surgeons in arms way the idea was to be able to treat solde rs and decrease mortality by â€Å"bringing the surgeon to the wounded soldier—through telepresence. ? Many of the surgeons and engineers working on surgical robotic systems for the Army eventually formed commercial ventures. These ventures lead to the introduction of robotics to civilian surgical communities. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Computer Motion, Inc. of Santa Barbara, CA. This company used funding provided by the US Army to develop the Automated Endoscopic System for Optimal Positioning (AESOP), a robotic arm controlled by the surgeon voice commands to manipulate an endoscopic camera.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shortly after AESOP was marketed, Integrated Surgical Systems (now Intuitive Surgical) of Mountain View, CA, licensed the SRI Green Telepresence Surgery system. This system underwent extensive redesign and was reintroduced as the Da Vinci (one of the world most used surgical assisted device today. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One year later C omputer Motion put the Zeus system into production   Robotic surgery today has certainly come a long way. The surgical procedure is similar to when it was first developed but more advanced in terms of the many procedures that robots can assist with.The device as we know it today is equipped with cameras and enhanced visual effects, to allow doctors the option of getting inside the body through tiny incisions and reparing what ever is necessary to be repared. The surgical procedure that I underwent conventionally is done by a surgeon making an eight to ten inch cut at the bottom of my stomach (very similar to the cut a woman gets when delivering a baby). I was hospitalized for three days and was given pain medication around the clock. Dr.Thad Denehy, MD (my surgeon) advised me that Robots in the field of surgery have dramatically changed the procedure and that my greatest benefit to having the Robotic Surgery was less pain, less bleeding and less scaring. Since the machine uses cam eras and enhanced visual effects, doctors make smaller incisions. The Da Vinci and Zeus system each use â€Å"arms† to operate. In order for these arms to get inside the body and operate, the robot only requires a one centimeter incision to fit each arm. For my procedure it would have required   three tiny incisions on my abdomen.The cut would have been about   one centimeter in   length (a little less than a half of an inch) to fit the arms of the robot instead of a 20 inch cut (about 8 inches) at the bottom of my stomach. According to Dr. Denehy the advantage to having the robot assist surgical procedure would have been that I would get smaller cuts the smaller cuts. He explained that smaller cuts are better because a large incision would require more time to heal. Another potential great advantage from getting the robot assist surgery Dr. Denhey explained would be less blood loss.This would be good for patients who are anemic (low blood count) or for people with medi cal conditions that cause them to bleed easily. In my case Im anemic so I would benefit from this procedure. With less blood loss and smaller incisions the the Dr. went on to advise me that would be less than half the recovery time of conventional surgery. Two weeks to full recovery instead of eight weeks to full recovery. This could be a determining factor for many people. a person who don’t have the luxury of staying out of work for more than eight weeks would be back to work in some cases as early as one week.According to Dr. Denehy the larger the cut the more trauma it cause to a persons body and the risk of getting an infection is high. Though Dr. Denehyy had such wonderful things to say about Robotic surgery I still wast convinced. One major disadvantage for me was the amount of experience he had with using the Robot assist device. He had only performed 32 surgeries using this machine while with the conventional surgery he had performed over 2000. I was very concerned a bout his experience level with this machine. This surgeon was recommended to me by two other doctors. According to Dr.Wai (One of my regular gynecologist) during my exam (before going to see Dr. Denhey) Dr. Denhey was the best surgeon in her opinion to remove my tumor. I was very freigtened that the best qualified doctor for the job only did this procedure 32 times with the robot that offered so many promises. In my research I learned that since robotic surgical procedure is a new technology   its uses and efficacy have not yet been well established (Anthony R. Lanfranco, BAS, Andres E. Castellanos, MD, Jaydev P. Desai, PhD,*† Ã‚   William C. Meyers, MD   (2011). I spoke with two surgions new in the field (Dr.Steven Choe, MD and Dr. Poovendran, Saththasivam, MD. to see if maybe Dr. Denehy experience level was due to him being an older surgeon. I was very surprised to learn that both new doctors had never used this equipment. I was told by both physicians that it wasnâ€℠¢t mandatory to learn how to use the machine but since the hospital had just purchased the machine they were both going to get training for using this machine. Surgeons start out their careers without learning about the robots initially. It is not mandatory for them to learn how to use the machine. This made me think of another disadvantage.What would happen if the surgeon performing the surgery become ill and need assistance. Who would jump in and assist him with the procedure ? If all surgions arnt on the same page with knowing how to use the machine Im not sure if this surgery is a benefit at all. As a patient I would be most confident knowing that if something should go wrong during the procedure with the health of my doctor another physicial in the vicinity of the hospital is ready and capable of jumping in and completing the procedure. According to Dr. many surgions still lack the skills of working with the surgical robot.Another disadvantage was that to date, most of the stud ies that have been done for the surgical robots has been of practicality of the equipment . The researchers of the technology haven’t done any follow up studies to date on a long-term period. At leart thatwas what my surgeon advised me during my consutation. I also learned that many procedures performed with the robotic surgical device will also soon be redesigned to optimize the use of robotic arms and increase efficiency. This is great for a patient looking to have a procedure done in the future but not so great for a patient waiting to have a procedure done today.Many of the disadvantages seem to be projects that can all go away with time and experience it see very likely that many disadvantages be remedied in the future( Anthony R. Lanfranco, BAS, Andres E. Castellanos, MD, Jaydev P. Desai, PhD,*† Ã‚   William C. Meyers, MD 2011) It became clear to me that though this technology offer many advantages there are some disadvantages that really concerns me. One of them b eing that because this equipment requires a surgeon to move the instruments while watching a video monitor potentially a lot could go wrong.Robot assist surgeries requires the surgeon to move in the opposite direction from the target on the monitor. If the surgeon becomes tired and forgets that he is to be moving in the opposite direction he or she can cause major damages. In order for this to work correctly it require a lot of hand eye coordination and great hand and finger dexterity. The idea that this procedure is done through the eyes and fingers of a human being, lead me to believe that this type of procedure is not safety proof.Perhaps even more important than the probability of a fault is the ability to detect that a fault has indeed occurred and prevent hazards resulting from it, that is, allow the robot to â€Å"fail safely†. This usually involves shutting the robot down and removing it from the patient, and having the operation manually completed by a surgeon. As th e task which the robot undertakes becomes more and more complicated, there is an increasing need for more complex hardware and software components (faster response, better accuracy, more degrees of freedom).This increases the probability of error exponentially. Software is notoriously difficult to reason about, while hardware reliability never ceases to be of prime importance. CONCLUSIONS Robotic surgery is rapidly making its way into the progression of surgical procedures as we know it today. Though the technology is fairly new it’s becoming the choice for surgery for both surgeon and patients. Many individuals still feel that they need time to completely trust theses machines and would probably consider it in a few more years.With the further use of this machine the pros will more than likely outweigh the cons. The more surgeons use this machine they will become more familiar with the different capabilities of Robotic Surgical devices. They will also figure out ways getter better trained and getting a lot of practice using the equipment. More studies will be done on the feasibility of the technology. Conventional Surgical techniques took thousands of years to develop to where it is today adding this new dimension to it will further expand and make better the many practices.People such as myself will take a second look at having the robot assist in with surgical procedures that involve myself and will probably be more excited about having to get smaller incisions and reduced recovery time for after surgery. References Brown University. (1999). Robotic surgery. Retrieved from http://biomed. brown. edu/Courses/BI108/BI108_2005_Groups/04/   Long, T. (2007, January 25). The robot cometh. Retrieved from http://www. wired. com/science/discoveries/news/2007/01/72500 Parmar, A. (2001). STRESS-FREE SURGERY. Siliconindia, 5(10), 44. Interview with Dr. DenehyInterview with  First year surgical resident at saint peters University Hospital Steven Choe Interview with first year sergical resident Povendran, saththasivam at saint peters university hospital Websites http://biomed. brown. edu/Courses/BI108/BI108_2008_Groups/group12/Roboticsurgery. html http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC1356187/ http://www. onlineschools. org/robotic-surgical-technology/ http://library. thinkquest. org/03oct/00760/ http://www. medscape. com/viewarticle/466691_5 Anthony R. Lanfranco, BAS, Andres E. Castellanos, MD, Jaydev P. Desai, PhD,*† Ã‚   William C. Meyers, MD SUMMARY

Of Mice and Men †Character study of Curly’s wife Essay

The novel ‘ Of Mice and Men’ is set in America and is about two travelling workers who have been chased off one ranch because Lennie, one of the men did not know how to behave himself. Lennie is large, heavy and ponderous and George is small quick, dark, sharp and restless. Another tragedy happens on the ranch like in weed because Lennie used his strength to kill Curley’s wife. I can sympathise with Curley’s wife although she was a flirt with the other men she was not expecting to be killed by Lennie. We first meet Curley’s wife in chapter two. She is described as heavily made up and wears tarty red shoes. She poses her figure outlined in the doorway of the bunkhouse and is always aware that men are looking at her. This makes me think that she is just looking for attention from the men. George shows the reader that he does not like Curleys wife because George tells Lennie that she is jailbait and for Lennie to stay away from her. Lennie see’s her as an attractive young lady but she is really just a threat to the men on the ranch. In chapter three there is a big fight involving Curly and Lennie. Curley has not liked Lennie since he was looking at Curleys wife so Curley just lost his rag and started punching Lennie but then Lennie just reached for Curley and just grabbed his hand and started squeezing his hand and his hand crumbled in Lennies hand, George told Curley to tell everybody that he got his hand caught in the machine and that is what he told everyone. This just shows how Curley’s wife is acting like a tart and a flirt to get all the men in trouble with Curley.Curley feels insecure because of his wife’s behaviour. In chapter 4 Curleys wife was heavily made. I can sympathise with her because all she is trying to do is make some friends on the ranch but every time she tries to talk to someone they all think she is trying to flirt because she is desperate for attention because she has got an unhappy marriage with Curley and that the men think that she is trying to get them in trouble with Curley.I fell sorry for Curleys wife because on the ranch she was all alone. In chapter 5 we learn that Curleys wife had a dream to be in the movies. I do feel sorry for Curley’s wife because she could have been in the movies but that was just a pipe dream because now she is stuck on the ranch married to Curley with no friends. Curley and his wife have only been married for two weeks and already they both hate it being together on the ranch. I think Steinbeck is trying to get across to the readers that she has no one in the whole world that cares for her. Her death was brutal and quick, at first lennie was just playing with the pup then he broke its neck and that is what he done to Curley’s wife. My final thoughts on Curleys wife is all she was trying to do is make friends on the ranch but she just got pushed out everyone. In chapter six it is hard to feel sympathy for her because she was flirting with the men but she did not deserve to be killed by Lennie. I feel sympathy for Curley’s wife although she was a big flirt and she got treated badly by Curley, she did not deserve to be killed. I think Steinbeck included Curley’s wife in the story because I think that she makes the story interesting because she is the story.

Customer Relationship Management at Tesco - 1613 Words

CUSTOMERS RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMET AT TESCO A Must, Every Customer Wants to be satisfied 7/7/2011 Name: Table of Contents Chapter 1. Executive Summary †¦.†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Chapter 2. Literature Review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Chapter 3. Limitations to Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Chapter 4. Research Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.†¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 Chapter 5. Research Findings and Results †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Chapter 6. Evaluation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...10 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 List of Tables 1. Customer Feedback †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦9 Chapter 1. Executive Summary These days customer satisfaction is becoming too important part of industry. It also help to generate revenue †¦show more content†¦Conclusion What we conclude is important with respect to our research. Our conclusion must satisfy our research aim. In this respect our research aim is â€Å"To find out relationship between CRM at TESCO TESCO success story†. Chapter 3. Limitations to Research If a coin has a head then it also has a tail well same here in this research case. Our topic of research â€Å"Customer Relationship Management at TESCO† one can see various limitations which can affect the research. There are some limitations to our research which given below: 1. Lack of funds for the research. 2. Confined to a particular area only. 3. Variety of data is there. As one can’t exactly assume a choice of information filled from target people. 4. Time period for the research is short. In future I want more time availability as then will have more data to analyze. 5. Want more people to help out in the research so that we can have more stall, survey etc. Chapter 4. Research Methodology Every research has certain methods analyzing process which it uses to collect data, transformed it to meaningful information analyzes the result. Data Collection Methods †¢ Form Filling Method †¢ Paid Email Survey †¢ Getting Company’s Sales Data(Optional as companyShow MoreRelatedLoyalty and Customer Relationship Management in Tesco Plc.3674 Words   |  15 PagesDate:12/10/2009 LOYALTY AND CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT IN TESCO PLC. CONTENT PROVISIONAL TITLE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...4 1. INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦.4 1.1. The Importance Of Customer Relationship Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 1.2. Retail Industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 1.3. Tesco†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7 2. LITERATURE OF VIEW†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.7 2.1. Customer service†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦8 2.2. Tesco’s Concept Of Relationship Management Begins And Ends WithRead MoreA Paper Work of Customer Relationship Management of Tesco, and an Analysis of Consumer Behaviour, Business Environment and Pestel .4053 Words   |  17 PagesABSTRACT This study explored the customer relationship management of Tesco. Tesco is the leading retailer in UK. It manages over a thousand supermarkets, hypermarkets, and convenience stores in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Central Europe and Asia. 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Manager Managers are individualRead MoreThe United Kingdom Chartered Institute Of Marketing1354 Words   |  6 Pagesanticipating and satisfying customers’ requirements profitably. The American definition consists of marketing being the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create, exchange and satisfy individual and organisational objectives. Marketing is the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably, (CIM) for example Tesco clubcard, will allow customers to save points untilRead MoreBUSINESS STUDIES unit 2 - p3, m1, d11488 Words   |  6 Pagesoperation of a selected organisation. M1 – explain how the management of human, physical and technological resources can improve the performance of a selected organisation. In this assignment I will describe the main physical and technological resources required in an organisation, and how the management of human, physical and technological resources can improve the performance of Tesco. Physical resources Some of the main physical resources for Tesco are; their premises, machinery, equipment, materialsRead MoreMarketing Strategy Of Tesco Direct1656 Words   |  7 PagesAfter two years Tesco introduced their loyalty program with steady growth, Tesco moved to another marketing strategy, which is Tesco Direct and Tesco.com. Tesco Direct is a platform to sell home electrical, sports, beauty, toys, entertainment, books, etc. The positioning and message in the main page of Tesco Direct (Figure 1.0) is very clear and significant. When viewer click into the organisation’s website, the first sight is fall on the homepage. 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List of Free Online Oklahoma Public K-12 Schools

Oklahoma offers resident students the opportunity to take online public school courses for free. Below is a list of no-cost online schools currently serving elementary and high school students in Oklahoma. In order to qualify for the list, schools must meet the following qualifications: classes must be available completely online, they must offer services to state residents, and they must be funded by the government. Virtual schools listed may be charter schools, state-wide public programs, or private programs that receive government funding. List of Oklahoma Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools Oklahoma Virtual High School (off-site link) About Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools Many states now offer tuition-free online schools for resident students under a certain age (often 21). Most virtual schools are charter schools; they receive government funding and are run by a private organization. Online charter schools are subject to fewer restrictions than traditional schools. However, they are reviewed regularly and must continue to meet state standards. Some states also offer their own online public schools. These virtual programs generally operate from a state office or a school district. State-wide public school programs vary. Some online public schools offer a limited number of remedial or advanced courses not available in brick-and-mortar public school campuses. Others offer full online diploma programs. A few states choose to fund â€Å"seats† for students in private online schools. The number of available seats may be limited and students are usually asked to apply through their public school guidance counselor. (See also: 4 Types of Online High Schools). Choosing an Oklahoma Online Public School When choosing an online public school, look for an established program that is regionally accredited and has a track record of success. Be wary of new schools that are disorganized, are unaccredited, or have been the subject of public scrutiny. For more suggestions on evaluating virtual schools see: How to Choose an Online High School.

Ethical Issues Of Business Nike Essay - 2064 Words

Ethical Issues in Business: Nike Nike was founded by Philip Knight and has become one of the most successful businesses of the 21st century. Philip Knight was the 6th richest man in 1997 and the company is still going strong (Nike Chronology, 2016). This is because Nike has been able to surmount a giant ethical crisis by demonstrating transparency when it comes to where their products are manufactured. When it was discovered that child labor and sweatshops were being taken advantage of by Nike, there was a large public backlash, but they were able to take steps to repair their reputation and change their practices. Even still, there has not been a complete resolution to their ethical crisis, and their products are still recognized as potentially being produced by sweatshops or child labor. There have been recent laws enacted to help prevent the importation of goods created by child labor. Nike has begrudgingly become the face of corporations that use child labor when manufacturing their goods, and their actions hav e changed how many companies face the same ethical crisis. Nike started as Blue Ribbon Sports in 1964. It was co-founded by Philip Knight and Bill Bowerman. They started importing athletic shoes from Japan in order to have competitive prices in the market (DeTienne Lewis, 2005). Eventually Japan did not meet the demands of Nike, so they outsourced to cheaper suppliers in Thailand, Korea, China, Indonesia, and Vietnam (DeTienne Lewis, 2005). The company grewShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues Within The Workplace1375 Words   |  6 Pagesresponsible organizations like Nike consider the effect of their activities upon all stakeholders. What is asked that the business is ethically and socially accountable and when the stakeholder assembly converts disgruntled, the character of the business gets smudged as the argument of sweatshops smeared the character of Nike. 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They easilyRead MoreEssay on How to Evaluate Companies?1061 Words   |  5 Pagesas good or ethical based on different factors that may differ based on the purpose and criterion used by the evaluators or evaluating body. Perhaps the factors that must be taken into consideration when evaluating a firm are the following : business ethics, corporate social responsibility, reputation on leadership, governance and the company’s culture (Ethisphere, 2013). These factors in fact are the indicators used by the movement Ethisphere wh ich identifies The World’s Most Ethical (WME) CompaniesRead MoreEthical and Social Responsibility Issues at Nike1612 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Globalization has a profound impact on the ethical and social responsibilities of large organizations. This is primarily true for large organizations with dominant market positions within their respective industries. 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Management Tools and Strategies

Question: Discuss about theManagement Tools and Strategies. Answer: Introduction The purpose of the study is to find out the strategies and tools employed in two companies and to determine how each of them impact on the organization's small enterprises, leadership and customer service. The research paper was based on questionnaire survey whereby some respondents were involved in the process of collecting data. The study was carried out in two leading companies in Australia. BHP Billiton Company and Wools Worth Company being the best companies following a comparison of their management tools and strategies were discussed. From the study, it is clear that companies are succeeding due the maintenance of good customer relations, making the product more cheap and attractive as well as srewarding the customers Literature Review Organizational performance has become a very central issue in strategic management research. Some authors have made an analysis of organizational performance based on their strategies and tools (Vinten, 2010:117). In most literature, findings focus on the relationships between strategic performance and planning of a company. Very few studies discuss the relationship and effects between the strategies and tools and the performance of an organization. According to Knecht (2014:211), utilization of tools for management and techniques influences how an organization performs in the global market. Additionally, management tools help managers to group the companys performance into various categories including customer equity, performance capability, competitive advantage, organizational integrity, and financial results. On the other hand, Roth (2013:194) notes that there is a significant relationship between the financial performance of a company and the utilization level of their strategic tools.This study has hence helped to bridge this gap by comparing Wools worth Company and BHP Billiton Company in Australia. BHP Billiton and Woolworth Company however have used different strategies and tools to ensure a success in their business. MichelLacombe, the CEO of Wools Worth Company, once said that one of the strategies that have made Woolworth succeed was meeting their customers needs by maintaining and delivering goods at a low cost. Another strategy that has helped improve customer service is the one stop shop concept and the grocery retaining concept. On the other hand, BH Billiton limited has always used unique strategies in its operations, for example, in 2015 it invited state owned officials for games and paid all the expenses (Hubbard Moore, 2012:99). It is stated that this helped improve and cement relationship between the leaders. Similarly, Rio and BH Billiton signed a joint venture as a marketing strategic tool that had its effects on the sales of the company (Roth, 2013:195). Hence, the joint venture helped in cementing leadership ties between the leaders of these two companies. Background Information of the Companies BHP Billiton Company is one of the worlds top companies that produce major commodities including copper, uranium, iron, and metallurgical coal. Similarly, the company has alarge interest in coal energy, oil, and gas (York, 2011:88). The companys products are often soldworldwide, and sales and marketing are usually conducted through the United States. Moreover, the company has a team of very many employees and contractors who exceed sixty thousand. On the other hand, the priority of the company is people's safety and health as it aims to develop an environment that is free from injuries, occupational illnesses, and fatalities. Furthermore, the size of the company is big, and this allows it to meaningfully contribute to communities, thus, building community relationships that are collaborative. Equally, the company aims to maximize economic and social benefits of its operations and minimize its environmental paths through productivity,innovation, and technology (Hubbard Moore, 2012:97 ). Wools Worth Company is Australias biggest supermarket chain. It operates 961 stores in Australia and relies on a team of motivated employees in its distribution centers, and storesto provide their customers with reliable and convenient services.In essence, Wools Worth Company has over 10000 employees (Thomas Hill, 2012:63). The supermarket sources 100% of themeat that is fresh and 96% of fresh fruits and vegetables from the growers and farmers in Australia. The company allows consumers to shop in their comfort at home using the Woolworth supermarket app. Research Methodology During the research, questionnaire technique was used to collect the necessary information.Equally, self-administered and online questionnaires were used in the study. The respondents were allowed to use the questionnairethat was convenient for them. A cover letter explaining the purpose of the research,therespondent's confidentiality, and the respondents participation importance accompanied each questionnaire. Sampling and Data Collection The research sample had a total of 30 respondents. Moreover, the questionnaire consisted of various parts that were essential for the research. It began with questions concerning the details of the organization; the next part needed the respondents to state the management and strategic tools each company utilizes. The final part required the respondents to explain how each of the tools stated affect leadership and customer services. In the end, the data collected was analyzed and recorded in the form ofpiecharts. Discussion The BHP Billiton Companys strategy has been to operate low-cost life and upstream assets that are diversified by commodities. This has enabled the company to always deliver the best margins in the whole economic and commodity cycles over the years. Its asset base, which has low cost, enhances theflexibility of their cash flow and thus allowing them to invest and growtheir businesses all through the economic cycles (Lee, 2011:114). Thishas helped the company deliver long-term value to all customers and shareholders. Another tool and strategy applied in Billiton Company is the signing of joint ventures with other countries. A good example is when Billiton signed a joint venture with Rio Tinto.The joint venture has helped bring together many world class people, iron resources, and infrastructure. It has also helped build good relationships between leaders in various companies across the globe. Equally, the strategy has helped combine the procurement, overhead activities, and management into one entity (Kurt, 2014:78). Diversification is another strategy that the company uses; it has aimed at recruiting workers from its host communities, and this has helped to develop the skills of local people. On the other hand, Wool Worth Company has various strategies including putting the customers as the major stakeholders. Similarly, the company listens to what the customers want and say,and this has helped to maintain a good relationship with the clientele. Moreover, Wool Worth Company has created new innovative ways of operating including an online application for shopping has been created and thus making shopping easier for clients. This strategy makes the company unique since it is not applied in Billiton Company. Mobile technologyhas also made shopping easier at Wool Worth Company. They also give the customers a chance to share their ideas on how they can improve the stores (Verweire Revollo, 2009:115). Conclusion The study has tried to provide empirical evidence about the utilization of management tools and techniques and has tried to explore the relationship and effects of the same to leadership and customerservice.It is quite clear that the application of good tools and strategies has a positive impact on the development and growth of an organization and its small enterprises. What has made the Billiton Company the best is their good strategies and tools that are used. Equally, customer relations areother key tools that need to be put into consideration when laying the strategies of a company. This was brought out quite clearly by the good Wool Worth customer relations. Customers can lead to the success or failure of a company hence they should be handled with much care. As such, thestudywill help research even more in this area of studyand will be used as a source of literature by otherresearchers. List of References Hubbard, T. N., Moore, M. J. (2012) BHP Billiton: Mining Potash, Evanston: IL: Kellogg School of Managemen. Knecht, M. (2014) Diversification, Industry Dynamism, and Economic Performance: The Impact of Dynamic-Related Diversification on the Multi-Business Firm, Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler. Kurt. (2014) Strategy Implementation, Abingdon: Oxon: Routledge. Lee, G. (2011) Leadership Coaching : From Personal Insight To Organisational Performance, London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Roth, M. (2013) Top Stocks 2013: A Sharebuyer's Guide to Leading Australian Companies, Milton: Qld, Wrightbooks. Thomas, R. S., Hill, J. G. (2012) Research Handbook on Executive Pay, UK: Edward Elgar Pub. Verweire, K., Revollo, J. E. (2009) Sustaining Competitive Advantage Through Product Innovation : How To Achieve Product Leadership In Service Companies, Gent: Vlerick Management School. Vinten, G. (2010) Improving Organisational Performance, England: Emerald Group Pub. York, N. (2011) BHP Billiton, New York: NY: Datamonitor.

The OdesseyFather ad Son Relationship Essay Example For Students

The OdesseyFather ad Son Relationship Essay â€Å"Symbolism of the Father-Son Relationship†Throughout Homer’s epic poem, The Odyssey, many tangible symbols are used to represent abstract ideas. Some symbols that Homer used have two meanings. The double meanings of these symbols represent Odysseus and Telemachus as they strive to meet each other. While each symbol has a meaning that represents the growth of Telemachus, each one also represents, by another meaning, the growth and development of Odysseus. When Odysseus and Telemachus finally meet, the symbols and the character traits that they represent converge, and the resemblance between father and son becomes complete. One of the key ideas running throughout The Odyssey is the importance of water. It has the power of giving life and quick, safe travel, but it also has the potential to drown. Water can be considered a paradox in and of itself. While it is good and usually life giving, it also demonstrates how too much of a good thing can bring harm. It brings muc h harm to Odysseus as he is traveling to Phaeacia. Earth-shaker Poseidon stirred up a great wave, as when a blustering wind shakes up a heap of dry husks, and scatters them in all directions, so it scattered the raft’s long beams(60). Everything needs water to live, however Odysseus thinks of water as an agent of death. Water that brings death by excess represents Odysseus, for he is the one that has to suffer all these years, and he is the one that nearly drowns near Phaeacia. Odysseus also learns how too much of a good thing, such as wealth or gold, can seriously harm a man. He especially experiences this when he tries to steal from the Cyclops and ends up losing many of his companions (96). Henceforth, it is fitting that the excessive side of water represent Odysseus. We will write a custom essay on The OdesseyFather ad Son Relationship specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However, life that is brought by water, the water that sustains, is the type that represents Telemachus. He is not excessive, and has been in fact humbled by the suitors in their years at his home. Further, Telemachus has never seen any trouble with the water or the sea; A wind swelled the midsail, and the purple wave about the stem sounded loud as the ship went on. She ran into the wave, accomplishing her course (22). The water never hurts Telemachus, but always helps him. Telemachus does not get the chance, as his father did, to perish from his own excesses. Telemachus also has a pure mind and body, which is what water embodies. As both Telemachus and Odysseus grow and develop, the symbol of water, and its relationship to the character of both men converges together. Telemachus becomes less pure when he aids Odysseus in destroying the suitors (239). Odysseus becomes much less excessive, and comes to value simple things in life such as family; not how much gold it is possible to amass while sacking a city. When they finally meet, it is possible to see how the symbol of water holds the same meaning for both men. Another main symbol seen all throughout the Odyssey is that of caves. The expression, tomb or womb can been used to explain the double meaning of the cave. In other words, the cave is either a place of shelter, or a place of mystery, even death. One of the most obvious places where the symbol of the tomb cave is used is when Odysseus and his group find their way into the Cyclops’ dwelling. Many of Odysseus’ good men die there. †¦The Cyclops leaped up, stretched his hands to my companions, snatched up two together, and dashed them like whelps to the earth† (97). The tomb meaning can be interpreted as the real world, sink or swim. Odysseus is faced with this throughout his twenty-year travels. Odysseus is the character that should be associated with the unpleasant side of the caves. .u5681034cc54730d51e8ca3272850c5b9 , .u5681034cc54730d51e8ca3272850c5b9 .postImageUrl , .u5681034cc54730d51e8ca3272850c5b9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5681034cc54730d51e8ca3272850c5b9 , .u5681034cc54730d51e8ca3272850c5b9:hover , .u5681034cc54730d51e8ca3272850c5b9:visited , .u5681034cc54730d51e8ca3272850c5b9:active { border:0!important; } .u5681034cc54730d51e8ca3272850c5b9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5681034cc54730d51e8ca3272850c5b9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5681034cc54730d51e8ca3272850c5b9:active , .u5681034cc54730d51e8ca3272850c5b9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5681034cc54730d51e8ca3272850c5b9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5681034cc54730d51e8ca3272850c5b9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5681034cc54730d51e8ca3272850c5b9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5681034cc54730d51e8ca3272850c5b9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5681034cc54730d51e8ca3272850c5b9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5681034cc54730d51e8ca3272850c5b9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5681034cc54730d51e8ca3272850c5b9 .u5681034cc54730d51e8ca3272850c5b9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5681034cc54730d51e8ca3272850c5b9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: â€Å"The Story of an Hour† Quote by Kate Chopin Sample EssayThe other idea the cave symbolizes is the womb, or the sheltered life of a man who never has to face the real world. This is symbolized by a different cave, one that protects rather than imprisons. One cave from the story that symbolizes protection is the cave home of Calypso. During his stay with the goddess, Odysseus is given the treatment of a king. All of his needs and wants are taken care of. The other cave that represents the womb is the cave in Ithaca. Athena shows this cave to Odysseus as a place for him to store his treasures from the Phaeacians, to keep them safe from harm. Telemachus is unmistak ably represented by this meaning of the cave. He is sheltered all his life until he comes closer and closer to meeting Odysseus. Fatherless, his mother has safe guarded and protected him. However, when he meets his father, the guard is removed completely and he even helps Odysseus destroy the suitors. On the other hand, when Odysseus reaches home, his hardships are for the most part over. He will no longer have to withstand the harsh reality symbolized by the cave of Polyphemus. He becomes more sheltered as Telemachus becomes more exposed by their reunion. Symbols, which each have a double meaning, are used throughout The Odyssey to represent different facets of the characters of Odysseus and Telemachus. Each interpretation of the symbols exemplifies either Odysseus or Telemachus. As the two characters grow and develop, and the father-son reunion occurs, the two meanings converge into one, and Odysseus and Telemachus become more similar. Bibliography:The Odyssey. Homer. Tr. and ed.Albert Cook. Second ed. New York: Norton, 1993.